Input and output total currents characterization in BCM and CCM Interleaved Power Converters Under Inductance Mismatch

This paper presents a complete characterization of input and output currents in interleaved power converters with inductance mismatch, operating in Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) and Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). The proposal allows to compute these currents in several interleaved converter topologies for the entire range of operating points, considering any number of phases and any inductance ratio. Input and output currents are recovered from the values obtained when adding the phase currents in the instants where the slopes change; values that are thus defined as key points. This methodology is based on the coincidences that exist between the instants of the phase current key points and those of total currents. By using the computed key points, ripple amplitude, rms value and harmonic content of input and output total currents for the entire range of operating points can be easily obtained. Simulations are conducted on a 5-phase boost converter and a 5-phase buck converter under different conditions in order to validate the proposal expressions. Experimental tests on a 5- phase buck converter are presented under different operation conditions to verify that the proposed method can be applied in real situation.Fil: Cervellini, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Carnaghi, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Marcos Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; Argentin

Parameterization of indicators for interleaved converters design in photovoltaic applications

The design of power converters for photovoltaic systems is a challenging issue to be addressed. This challenge lies on the need of considering efficiency, thermal and volume requirements at the same time; with the added drawback that these indicators have different behaviors depending on the operation conduction mode and also have opposing effects according to the switching frequency. The complexity increases when interleaved converters are selected, since the relationship among indicators is also affected by the number of phases. Many attempts have beenmade in the literature to address this issue; however, they have all reached partial strategies, focusing on some of the indicators and without taking into consideration the interactions amongthem. In this sense, this work proposes a mechanism to obtain indicators of total efficiency, thermal dissipation in inductors and semiconductors, as well as the volume of magnetic devicesand sinks, as a function of switching frequency and number of phases, for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. This information is crucial to study the interaction among theperformance indicators, and to determine the most suitable values for the mentioned parameters. In order to show the proposal contribution, the parameters for an interleaved converter thatconnects a photovoltaic array with a direct current bus of 450V are obtained.Fil: Cervellini, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Carnaghi, Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Marcos Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; Argentin

TWEPP 2021 Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics

Two new radiation-hard DCDC converters are in development, which tolerate a higher input voltage (up to 48V) and provide a larger output power compared to existing solutions. They are called bPOL48V and rPOL48V, and they employ Gallium Nitride devices. bPOL48V can provide 12A of output current with 90% efficiency and is close to production readiness, while rPOL48V is in an early stage of development and is designed to provide an output current up to 30A. A linear regulator (linPOL48V) able step down the voltage from up to 48V with maximum output current of 200mA has been also designed and tested

Interleaved Boundary Conduction Mode Versus Continous Conduction Mode Magnetic Volume Comparison in Power Converters

Power converters operating in boundary conduction mode (BCM) can benefit from an efficiency increase compared to continuous conduction mode (CCM) based on the soft-switching transitions at turn-on and/or turn-off. However, for a given average inductor current, the RMS current in BCM converters becomes larger than in CCM converters, leading to an increase in conduction losses. Interleaving smaller BCM power converters overcome this drawback by reducing the total ripple current amplitude at the expense of an increase in complexity and in magnetic parts count. Nevertheless, as the magnetic devices are among the largest components in power converters, it is convenient to find the design conditions under which BCM or CCM could yield the smaller net volume. This paper proposes a method to estimate the volume ratio for magnetic parts, between single-phase CCM and multiple interleaved BCM power converters as a function of the number of phases, inductor loss, and switching frequency. The results obtained can be applied to boost, forward, and flyback dc-to-dc topologies.Fil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Uicich, Gustavo Cesar. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; Argentin

Optimized Implementation of a Current Control Algorithm for Multiphase Interleaved Power Converters

Multiphase converters have become an attractive alternative for high-current power converters due to their inherent reduction of semiconductor stress. Additionally, total current ripple frequency can be increased and its amplitude decreased by the phases ripple interleaving. These converters require a different number of phases and control specifications depending on the application. A wide range of applications imposes challenging requirements in the control algorithm and its implementation, such as digital platforms and resources optimization. A previous proposal presented a current control algorithm developed to provide a solution to the highly demanding constraints present in high-power applications, where short settling times are required when fast transients in the current reference or the load voltage are present. This work presents the implementation of the above-mentioned algorithm and its optimizations, aimed to obtain a modular and efficient design. The proposed implementation and system scalability are evaluated by means of an experimental setup.Fil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Marcos Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; ArgentinaFil: Carrica, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica. Laboratorio de Instrumentación y Control; Argentin

bPOL48V, a rad-hard 48V DC/DC Converter for Space and HEP Applications

A radiation-hard DC/DC converter has been developed at CERN, which tolerates a higher input voltage (up to 48 V) and provides a larger output power than existing solutions. It is called bPOL48V, and it employs a commercial Gallium Nitride power device and a CERN-developed control ASIC (GaN_Controller). bPOL48V can provide 10 A of output current at efficiencies higher than 95%, it features a radiation tolerance for space and high energy physics (HEP) requirements, being able to withstand 228 MRad for TID, LET =88.8 MeV·cm2/mg for SEE, 2.23. 1014p/cm2for protons irradiation, and 4. 1014n/cm2neutrons irradiation

Current ripple characterization in DCM interleaved power converters under inductance mismatch

This paper proposes a thorough methodology for the steady-state characterization of input and output current ripples in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) interleaved power converters, under inductance mismatch. The proposal analyses total ripple for any number of phases, any inductance ratio and operating point. Furthermore, calculation of amplitude, rms value and harmonic content of total input and output current ripples is presented. Experimental tests on a 5-phase boost converter are conducted under different conditions to verify the presented method.Fil: Cervellini, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Marcos Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica; Argentin

Optimized Switching Sequence for Multiphase Power Converters Under Inductance Mismatch

Multiphase power converters allow to reduce semiconductor stress and to improve total ripple characteristics, when compared to a single-phase converter. Semiconductor stress is reduced by dividing the total current among the N parallel-connected converters or phases. Furthermore, total ripple amplitude is reduced and its frequency increases to N times the switching frequency by interleaving each phase current ripple, which lessens the requirements on the total current filtering. These improvements, however, are detrimented mainly by mismatches among the phase inductors value, leading to different ripple amplitudes among phases. As a consequence, when compared to the ideal case, total ripple amplitude is increased, ripple cancellation points are lost, and switching frequency component and its N-1 harmonics are generated. This letter proposes a method to mitigate this problem by selecting the phase switching sequence, in converters operating in the continuous conduction mode, which minimizes the switching frequency component and its harmonics in the total ripple. The proposed method efficiently finds the proper switching sequence for any number of phases, by using a previously presented current ripple characterization as the objective function for the optimization procedure. Simulations validate the proposal and show the improvement, when compared to another strategy present in the literature, which uses the switching sequence modification principle.Fil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; ArgentinaFil: Cervellini, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Marcos Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; Argentin

Current Ripple Amplitude Measurement in Multiphase Power Converters

Improvements in the total current ripple in interleaved power converters are mainly determined by differences between the phase inductor values. Several methods have been presented in the literature to mitigate this problem, which requires the knowledge of the relative current ripple amplitude. However, in these methods, the measurement of such an amplitude is not addressed. This characteristic is difficult to measure because of the switching noise and the necessity to precisely locate the current waveforms peaks, despite the switches and drivers delay. Furthermore, the above-mentioned methods either perform the correction in real time or in a self-commissioning state. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the amplitude measurement in the same platform as the current control, which implies that the computational overhead should be minimized. This work presents a methodology for the measurement of the ratio among phase current ripple amplitudes in the frequency domain. The proposal allows us to precisely determine this characteristic, with a reduced sampling frequency and high noise immunity. Experimental tests on a four-phase buck converter validate the proposal.Fil: Cervellini, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; ArgentinaFil: Antoszczuk, Pablo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Retegui, Rogelio Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; ArgentinaFil: Funes, Marcos Alan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas en Electrónica.; Argentin

Experimental verification of thermal model for PCB mounted MOSFETs used on parallel H-bridge structures

The upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) towards the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) presents different challenges, among them, the upgrade of the power converters associated to the inner triplet magnets to reach the required nominal current of 18 kA. In order to reach this current and to accomplish the stringent requirements associated to this kind of application, even under a fault scenario, redundancy and modularity are foreseen in the converter design. Consequently, the development of a 18 kA/$±$10 V power converter built from $N$ parallel-connected sub-converters, each having $M$ modules inside is carried out. As part of this development, a thermal model for the selection of the switching devices was proposed and evaluated by simulations. This model takes into consideration the PCB characteristics and thermal interfaces that impact on the heat dissipation through the board. In this work, the proposed thermal model is validated by means of experimental tests over a 225 A H-bridge prototype